Educação superior para o desenvolvimento econômico: um olhar sobre os governos FHC (1995-2002) e Lula (2003-2010)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18616/rdsd.v6i1.5535Abstract
O desenvolvimento econômico pode ser compreendido como a passagem de uma economia baseada em ativos primários, de baixo valor agregado e explorados por trabalhadores não especializados, para uma economia de ativos baseados no conhecimento e explorados por mão de obra especializada. O Brasil é um país cuja produção industrial e de serviços complexos, de maior agregação de valor, vem regredindo, enquanto sua pauta exportadora é composta em grande parte por produtos primários ou semi-industrializados. Além disso, enfrenta uma série de desafios que impõem dificuldades à qualificação dos trabalhadores. As instituições de ensino superior (IES) podem contribuir para fomentar o processo de desenvolvimento, pois produzem conhecimento científico e formam quadros profissionais especializados. O presente artigo procura identificar e avaliar de forma comparativa as políticas de educação superior e seus resultados consolidados durante os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assumindo a existência de relações significativas entre o ensino superior e o desenvolvimento econômico e visando evidenciar em que medida tais políticas contribuíram para esse processo.
Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento econômico; ensino superior; conhecimento.
Higher education for economic development: an overview on FHC and Lula governments
ABSTRACT
Economic development can be understood as the transition from an economy based on primary assets, low value-added and exploited by unskilled workers, to an economy of knowledge-based assets and exploited by skilled labor. Brazil is a country whose industrial production and complex services, with greater aggregation of value, has been regressing, while its export agenda is largely composed of primary or semi-industrialized products. In addition, it faces a series of challenges that pose difficulties to the qualification of workers. Higher education institutions (HEIs) can contribute to fostering the development process because they produce scientific knowledge and form specialized professional staff. This article aims to identify and evaluate in a comparative way the policies of higher education and its consolidated results during the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) and Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assuming the existence of significant relationships between higher education and economic development, and seeking to show to what extent such policies contributed to this process.
Keywords: economic development; higher education; knowledge.
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